Explanation:
Fat embolism syndrome most commonly occurs after long bone fractures, particularly femoral shaft fractures. The intramedullary fat enters the circulation following trauma and marrow disruption. Clinical manifestations include respiratory distress, neurological symptoms, and petechial rash. Symptoms typically develop within 24–72 hours after injury. Early fracture stabilization significantly reduces the incidence of fat embolism syndrome. Recognition and supportive care are essential in management. Reference: Gurd AR. "Fat Embolism: An Aid to Diagnosis." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 1970.