Explanation:
The transverse carpal ligament forms the roof of the carpal tunnel and spans from the scaphoid and trapezium laterally to the pisiform and hamate medially. It maintains the concavity of the carpal arch and stabilizes the flexor tendons. Compression of the median nerve beneath this ligament results in carpal tunnel syndrome. Surgical decompression involves dividing this ligament. Preservation of surrounding structures is essential to avoid complications. Anatomical knowledge ensures safe release during surgery. Reference: Phalen GS. "The Carpal Tunnel Syndrome." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 1966.